• Introduction The first use of

  2023-08-17

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• Several approved and or experimental drugs together with nat

  2023-08-17

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

• Introduction The MMR system keeps the fidelity of replicatio

  2023-08-17

  

  Introduction The MMR system keeps the fidelity of replication by repairing replication errors such as base-base mispairs and insertions/deletions. It plays a substantial role in restoring the fidelity of DNA and contributing to genome integrity [1]. The components of MMR are conserved in a broad ra

• TG4-155 The tumor suppressor function of

  2023-08-17

  

  The tumor-suppressor function of 15-LOX-2 in normal prostate epithelial cells may be explained by the induction of replicative senescence [14,15]. Thus, 15-LOX-2 is overexpressed in age-dependent prostatic hyperplasia, but cell senescence may hinder progression to malignant transformation. Notwithst

• br Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential

  2023-08-17

  

  Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential utility of ATM and ATR as chemo- or radiosensitisers, recent studies suggest that such compounds may have single agent activity in certain subsets of patients through induction of synthetic lethality. Two genes are considered synthetically

• br Introducing toll like receptors TLRs

  2023-08-17

  

  Introducing toll like receptors TLRs are the most important receptors which are expressed on the cytoplasmic and internal vesicles membrane. They have a similar structure including a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which is out of 3230 membrane, a hydrophobic transmembrane and a toll/interleuk

• br Experimental and simulation section br Acknowledgments

  2023-08-17

  

  Experimental and simulation section Acknowledgments Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81101688). We would like to thank NC State University High Performance Computing Center for providing us computing resources, and Dr. Lihui

• Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines MMPs and

  2023-08-16

  

  Over expression of the inflammatory cytokines, MMPs and COX-2 act as an important inducer of chronic inflammation. COX-2 catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), and induced expression was observed in ABT 702 dihydrochloride mg stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial lipo

• Reactive oxygen species is an aspect of oxidative stress whi

  2023-08-16

  

  Reactive oxygen species is an aspect of oxidative stress which are associated with many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis and cancers (Collins, 2005; Halliwell, 1994). Thus, the need for naturally occurring antioxidants is of crucial importance. Some biop

• Previous studies have thus demonstrated that AR activation g

  2023-08-16

  

  Previous studies have thus demonstrated that AR activation generally correlates with the promotion of urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In this article, we review available data suggesting their modulation through the AR pathway as well as correlations of AR signals with sensitivity to co

• Following activation of mGluRs GRIP stabilized

  2023-08-16

  

  Following activation of mGluRs, GRIP-stabilized AMPARs appear to be the primary target for endocytosis. Consistent with this model, we find that using siRNA to reduce GRIP1/2 expression blocks the AMPAR internalization and the synaptic depression mediated by mGluRs. Reductions in GRIP1/2 expression,

• To verify whether circulating APN could protect cognitive

  2023-08-16

  

  To verify whether circulating APN could protect cognitive function during aging, we detected the alterations in circulating adipoenctin levels in aging rats. Our results suggested that circulating APN levels reduced with age. Kawasumi et al’s study results are consistent with ours. They concluded th

• Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal

  2023-08-16

  

  Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the fbpase and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors

• br Regulation and pharmacology of mPGES mPGES kDa amino

  2023-08-16

  

  Regulation and pharmacology of mPGES-1 mPGES-1 (16 kDa, 152 amino acids) is a trimeric integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with each monomer containing four transmembrane domains (Samuelsson et al., 2007; Sjogren et al., 2013). The three active site cavities are located at the

• br LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal

  2023-08-16

  

  5-LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) like other malignancies exhibits an overexpression of 5-LOX. Ohd et al. (Ohd et al., 2003) revealed in a study that malignant colon tissues overexpress 5-LOX activity and retain elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes. Additionall

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