• br Introduction In addition to the canonical double stranded

  2019-12-31

  

  Introduction In addition to the canonical double stranded structure, DNA can form various higher order structures such as bulges, and various kinds of mismatches, triplexes, to the G-quadruplex (G4). Over the past decades, accumulating evidence has begun to emerge that these non-canonical structu

• The significant CRF increase in the DS

  2019-12-31

  

  The significant CRF increase in the DS and the overall changes in the CRF system observed in the VM and DS during the development of sensitization suggest that this neuropeptide (and possibly urocortin) contributes to the specific molecular alterations occurring in the mesolimbic pathway that suppor

• br Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways In o

  2019-12-31

  

  Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways In order to distinguish the opposing effects of estradiol on CREB phosphorylation, we turned to a “bottom-up” approach, working backwards from CREB phosphorylation to pharmacologically isolate the two signaling pathways (Boulware et al., 2005).

• br Molecular genetics Based on the genetic mutations associa

  2019-12-31

  

  Molecular genetics Based on the genetic mutations associated with their development, sarcomas are subdivided into two distinct classes. One class is composed of tumors bearing complex karyotypic abnormalities with no particular pattern. The second class, which includes Ewing sarcoma, encompasses

• Synthetic peptides have proven highly valuable in replicatin

  2019-12-30

  

  Synthetic peptides have proven highly valuable in replicating the characteristics of collagen and in defining the sites on collagen essential for binding and studying protein–collagen interactions. There are, however, disadvantages to synthetic collagen-like peptides. First, the thermal stability of

• Notably HSP expression is under

  2019-12-30

  

  Notably, HSP27 expression is under control of the tetrameric form of CK2 holoenzyme, as knockout or knockdown of the β regulatory subunit alone reproduces the same effects of targeting the α/α′ catalytic subunits. This observation discloses the possibility to use more specific drugs that affects onl

• Although enantioselective accumulation of metalaxyl

  2019-12-30

  

  Although enantioselective accumulation of metalaxyl in organisms is an integrated outcome of bio-process including absorption, transportation, and transformation, it is observed in our study that catalysis of CYP450 may lead to the enantioselective accumulation of metalaxyl. However, the mechanisms

• br Acknowledgements The research leading to these results

  2019-12-30

  

  Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND) under grant agreement no 609020 − Scientia Fellows (JB) and the Research Council of Norway (NFR-grant 221444) (JB, JPM, OB). Introduction Hu

• E ubiquitin ligases are key players in the ubiquitin

  2019-12-30

  

  E3 ubiquitin ligases are key players in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway because they catalyse ubiquitination of substrate proteins.39, 40, 41 As important regulators of cellular ubiquitination, E3 ligases are emerging as attractive drug targets, particularly in cancer.42, 43, 44 However, E3 ligases

• The lack of robust immunocompetent animal models permissive

  2019-12-30

  

  The lack of robust immunocompetent animal models permissive for HCV makes it hard to assess if the quantity and quality of vaccine-induced immunity is sufficient to confer protection. Thus, it is difficult to predict to what extent antibody responses induced by current vaccination approaches, includ

• br A brief introduction to

  2019-12-30

  

  A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin conjugation of targeted proteins relies on deubiquitinating Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 1 (100X in DMSO) (DUBs), which catalytically cleave single Ub or poly-ubiquitin chains from proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 poten

• In light of the overall loss of activity and

  2019-12-30

  

  In light of the overall loss of activity and selectivity observed with this series of arylchromenone-4-ones bearing small -alkoxy substituents, we were pleased to identify a potent and relatively selective inhibitor , exhibiting IC values of 0.008μM and 0.07μM for DNA-PK and PI3Kα, respectively. The

• Sp family protein has been regarded as the housekeeping gene

  2019-12-30

  

  Sp family protein has been regarded as the housekeeping gene and is ubiquitously expressed. Although Sp family expression is regulated with some stimuli [17], [20], the total Sp family protein levels are not changed in most cases, as observed in our present study (Fig. 4). Constitutive binding of th

• The lungs dissected from week

  2019-12-30

  

  The lungs dissected from 4–5-week mice were cut into small pieces and then immersed in Dulbecco\'s modified Eagle\'s medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing collagenase II (2 mg/ml), trypsin (2.5 mg/ml), Dnase I (2 mg/ml), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) for 12 hours at 37

• br Summary and perspectives In recent

  2019-12-29

  

  Summary and perspectives In recent decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the development of enzyme-activatable imaging probes, enabling the accurate detection of enzyme activity in vivo to better understand the biological function of enzymes in disease processes. Activatable probes are

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